Abstract
In the Samaritan chronicle Kitāb al-Tarikh written in the 14th century, Abū'l-Fath described the persecutions of the Samaritans suffered during the reign of Dahiqus. This Dahiqus should probably be identified with Emperor Decius. In this text, I wonder whether Abū'l-Fath's story fits into what we know about the effects of the edict on the sacrifice order issued by Decius. The testimony of Abū'l-Fath may indicate, that during the reign of Decius, the Samaritans were ordered to obey an edict ordering sacrifices to the gods. This led to the martyrdom of people who refused to make sacrifices. This would explain the negative assessment of the rule of Decius by the Samaritans.
References
źródła
Abu’l Faraj (Bar-Hebreus), Historia dynastiarum, tłum. E. A. Budge, London 1932.
Abū’l-Fath, Kitāb al-Tarikh, tłum. P. Stenhouse, Sydney 1985.
Euseb. Hist. Eccl. - Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica, wyd. E. Schwartz, Th. Mommsen, Leipzig 1903–1909; G. Bardy, Paris 1952–1960.
Eutychius, (L. Cheikho). - L. Cheikho, B. Carra de Vaux, and H. Zayyat, Eutychii Patriarchae Alexandrini Annales, Paris, 1906–1909.
Genesis Rabbah - Midrash Rabbah: Genesis. Trans. H. Freedman, M. Simon, Vols. 1–2. London 1983.
Hier. Chron. - Hieronim, Chronicon, wyd. R. Helm, Chronicum Eusebii ab Hieronymo retractatum ad annum Abrahae 2395, Berlin 1956
Ios. Ant. - Iosephus Flavius, Antiquitates Iudaicae, wyd. E. Nodet, Paris 1992–2010.
Lact. Mort. Pers. - Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, wyd. J. Moreau, Paris 1954.
Lamentations Rabbah – Ph. S. Alexander, The Targum of Lamentations, Collegeville 2007.
Orig. C. Celsum - Origenes, Contra Celsum, wyd. M. Borret, Paris 1967–1976.
Opracowania:
R. T. Anderson, T. Giles, The Keepers. An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans, Peabody 2002.
R. Anderson, T. Giles, Tradition Kept: The Literature of the Samaritans, Cincinnati 2005.
M. Ben Shahar, Jews, Samaritans and Alexander: Facts and Fictions in Jewish Stories on the Meeting of Alexander and the High Priest [w:] Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, red. K.R. Moore, Leiden-Boston 2018, s. 403-426
G. W. Clarke, „Dating the Death of the Emperor Decius”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1980, t. 37, s. 114-116.
J. M. Cohen, A Samaritan Chronicle: A Source-Critical Analysis of the Life and Times of the Great Samaritan Reformer, Baba Rabbah, Leiden, 1981.
A. D. Crown, The Byzantine and Moslem Period [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 55-81.
A. D. Crown, The Samaritans in the Byzantine Orbit, „Bulletin of the John Rylands Library”, t. 1989, t. 69, s. 96-138.
A. D. Crown, Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts, „Bulletin of the John Rylands Library”, 1994, t. 76, s. 21-59.
B. Hall, From John Hyrcanus to Baba Rabba [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 32-54.
S. J. Isser, The Dositheans, A Samaritan Sect in Late Antiquity, Leiden 1976.
P. Keresztes, „The Decian libelli and Contemporary Literature”, Latomus, 1975, t. 34, s. 761-781.
A. Klęczar, „The Pagan King before the One God. The Alexander Narrative in Josephus, Antiqutates Iudaicae XI, 8”, Classica Cracoviensia, 2012, t. 15, s. 137-150.
R. Kosiński, „Samarytanie w Cesarstwie Rzymskim w drugiej połowie V wieku”, Prace Historyczne, 2011, t. 138, s. 25-39.
S. Lowy, The Principles of Samaritan Bible Exegesis, Leiden 1977.
J. S. McHugh, The Emperor Commodus. God and gladiator, Barnsley 2015.
J. A. Montgomery, Samaritans. The Earliest Jewish Sect Their History, Theology and Literature, N. York 1967.
M. Mor, The Samaritans and the Bar-Kokhbah Revolt [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 19-31.
M. Nicholls, Galen and the Last Days of Commodus [w:] Galen's Treatise Περὶ Ἀλυπίας (De indolentia) in Context: A Tale of Resilience, red. C. Petit, Boston-Leiden 2019, s. 245-262.
M. Peachin, Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A D 235-284, Amsterdam 1990.
H. A. Pohlsander, The religious policy of Decius [w:} ANRW 16.3, red. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin-N. York 1986, s. 1826-1842.
R. Pummer, Samaritan synagogues and Jewish synagogues: similarities and differences [w:] Jews, Christians, and polytheists in the ancient synagogue: cultural interaction during the Greco-Roman period, red. S. Fine, London-N. York 1999, s. 105-142.
R. Pummer, Early Christian Authors on Samaritans and Samaritanism Texts, Translations and Commentary, Tübingen 2002.
R. Pummer, Alexander und die Samaritaner nach Josephus und nach samaritanischen Quellen [w:] Die Samaritaner und die Bibel, red. J. Frey, U. Schattner-Rieser, K. Schmid, Berlin-Boston 2012, s. 157-180.
D. S. Rathbone, „The Dates of the Recognition in Egypt of the Emperors from Caracalla to Diocletianus”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1986, t. 62, s. 101-131.
J. P. Rives, „The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 1999, t. 89, s. 135-154.
R. Selinger, The Mid-Third Century Perecutions od Decius and Valerian, Frankfurt am Main 2002.
H. Sivan, Palestine in Late Antiquity, Oxford 2008.
E. M. Smallwood, „The Legislation of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius against Circumcision”, Latomus, t. 1959, t. 18, s. 334-347.
E. M. Smallwood, „The Legislation of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius against Circumcision. Addendum”, Latomus, 1961, t. 20, s. 93-96.
P. Stenhouse, El Kitab al-Tarikh de Abu 'l-Fath, Sídney 1985.
P. Stenhouse, Samaritan Chronicles [w:].The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 218-265.
P. Stenhouse, Baba Rabba: Historical or Legendary Figure? ; Some Observations [w:] Essays in Honour of G.D. Sixdenier: New Samaritan Studies of the Société D'Etudes Samaritaines, Volumes III and IV, red. Ad. Crown, L. Davey, Sydney 1995, s. 327-332.
P. Stenhouse, Fourth-Century Date for Baba Rabba Re-examined [w:] Essays in Honour of G.D. Sixdenier: New Samaritan Studies of the Société D'Etudes Samaritaines, Volumes III and IV, red. Ad. Crown, L. Davey, Sydney 1995, s. 317-326.
G.G. Stroumsa, „Religious Contacts in Byzantine Palestine”, Numen, 1989, t. 36, s. 16-42.
R. Suski, Jowisz, Jahwe i Jezus. Religie w Historia Augusta, Warszawa 2014.
E. Wipszycka, Państwo rzymskie a chrześcijanie do początków IV wieku [w”] Starożytny Rzym we współczesnych badaniach, red. J. Wolski, T. Kotula, A. Kunisz, Kraków 1994, s.
E. Wipszycka, Kościół w świecie późnego antyku, Warszawa 2006.
Abu’l Faraj (Bar-Hebreus), Historia dynastiarum, tłum. E. A. Budge, London 1932.
Abū’l-Fath, Kitāb al-Tarikh, tłum. P. Stenhouse, Sydney 1985.
Euseb. Hist. Eccl. - Eusebius, Historia ecclesiastica, wyd. E. Schwartz, Th. Mommsen, Leipzig 1903–1909; G. Bardy, Paris 1952–1960.
Eutychius, (L. Cheikho). - L. Cheikho, B. Carra de Vaux, and H. Zayyat, Eutychii Patriarchae Alexandrini Annales, Paris, 1906–1909.
Genesis Rabbah - Midrash Rabbah: Genesis. Trans. H. Freedman, M. Simon, Vols. 1–2. London 1983.
Hier. Chron. - Hieronim, Chronicon, wyd. R. Helm, Chronicum Eusebii ab Hieronymo retractatum ad annum Abrahae 2395, Berlin 1956
Ios. Ant. - Iosephus Flavius, Antiquitates Iudaicae, wyd. E. Nodet, Paris 1992–2010.
Lact. Mort. Pers. - Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, wyd. J. Moreau, Paris 1954.
Lamentations Rabbah – Ph. S. Alexander, The Targum of Lamentations, Collegeville 2007.
Orig. C. Celsum - Origenes, Contra Celsum, wyd. M. Borret, Paris 1967–1976.
Opracowania:
R. T. Anderson, T. Giles, The Keepers. An Introduction to the History and Culture of the Samaritans, Peabody 2002.
R. Anderson, T. Giles, Tradition Kept: The Literature of the Samaritans, Cincinnati 2005.
M. Ben Shahar, Jews, Samaritans and Alexander: Facts and Fictions in Jewish Stories on the Meeting of Alexander and the High Priest [w:] Brill’s Companion to the Reception of Alexander the Great, red. K.R. Moore, Leiden-Boston 2018, s. 403-426
G. W. Clarke, „Dating the Death of the Emperor Decius”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1980, t. 37, s. 114-116.
J. M. Cohen, A Samaritan Chronicle: A Source-Critical Analysis of the Life and Times of the Great Samaritan Reformer, Baba Rabbah, Leiden, 1981.
A. D. Crown, The Byzantine and Moslem Period [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 55-81.
A. D. Crown, The Samaritans in the Byzantine Orbit, „Bulletin of the John Rylands Library”, t. 1989, t. 69, s. 96-138.
A. D. Crown, Samaritan Scribes and Manuscripts, „Bulletin of the John Rylands Library”, 1994, t. 76, s. 21-59.
B. Hall, From John Hyrcanus to Baba Rabba [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 32-54.
S. J. Isser, The Dositheans, A Samaritan Sect in Late Antiquity, Leiden 1976.
P. Keresztes, „The Decian libelli and Contemporary Literature”, Latomus, 1975, t. 34, s. 761-781.
A. Klęczar, „The Pagan King before the One God. The Alexander Narrative in Josephus, Antiqutates Iudaicae XI, 8”, Classica Cracoviensia, 2012, t. 15, s. 137-150.
R. Kosiński, „Samarytanie w Cesarstwie Rzymskim w drugiej połowie V wieku”, Prace Historyczne, 2011, t. 138, s. 25-39.
S. Lowy, The Principles of Samaritan Bible Exegesis, Leiden 1977.
J. S. McHugh, The Emperor Commodus. God and gladiator, Barnsley 2015.
J. A. Montgomery, Samaritans. The Earliest Jewish Sect Their History, Theology and Literature, N. York 1967.
M. Mor, The Samaritans and the Bar-Kokhbah Revolt [w:] The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 19-31.
M. Nicholls, Galen and the Last Days of Commodus [w:] Galen's Treatise Περὶ Ἀλυπίας (De indolentia) in Context: A Tale of Resilience, red. C. Petit, Boston-Leiden 2019, s. 245-262.
M. Peachin, Roman Imperial Titulature and Chronology, A D 235-284, Amsterdam 1990.
H. A. Pohlsander, The religious policy of Decius [w:} ANRW 16.3, red. H. Temporini, W. Haase, Berlin-N. York 1986, s. 1826-1842.
R. Pummer, Samaritan synagogues and Jewish synagogues: similarities and differences [w:] Jews, Christians, and polytheists in the ancient synagogue: cultural interaction during the Greco-Roman period, red. S. Fine, London-N. York 1999, s. 105-142.
R. Pummer, Early Christian Authors on Samaritans and Samaritanism Texts, Translations and Commentary, Tübingen 2002.
R. Pummer, Alexander und die Samaritaner nach Josephus und nach samaritanischen Quellen [w:] Die Samaritaner und die Bibel, red. J. Frey, U. Schattner-Rieser, K. Schmid, Berlin-Boston 2012, s. 157-180.
D. S. Rathbone, „The Dates of the Recognition in Egypt of the Emperors from Caracalla to Diocletianus”, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 1986, t. 62, s. 101-131.
J. P. Rives, „The Decree of Decius and the Religion of Empire”, The Journal of Roman Studies, 1999, t. 89, s. 135-154.
R. Selinger, The Mid-Third Century Perecutions od Decius and Valerian, Frankfurt am Main 2002.
H. Sivan, Palestine in Late Antiquity, Oxford 2008.
E. M. Smallwood, „The Legislation of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius against Circumcision”, Latomus, t. 1959, t. 18, s. 334-347.
E. M. Smallwood, „The Legislation of Hadrian and Antoninus Pius against Circumcision. Addendum”, Latomus, 1961, t. 20, s. 93-96.
P. Stenhouse, El Kitab al-Tarikh de Abu 'l-Fath, Sídney 1985.
P. Stenhouse, Samaritan Chronicles [w:].The Samaritans, red. A. D. Crown, Tübingen 1989, s. 218-265.
P. Stenhouse, Baba Rabba: Historical or Legendary Figure? ; Some Observations [w:] Essays in Honour of G.D. Sixdenier: New Samaritan Studies of the Société D'Etudes Samaritaines, Volumes III and IV, red. Ad. Crown, L. Davey, Sydney 1995, s. 327-332.
P. Stenhouse, Fourth-Century Date for Baba Rabba Re-examined [w:] Essays in Honour of G.D. Sixdenier: New Samaritan Studies of the Société D'Etudes Samaritaines, Volumes III and IV, red. Ad. Crown, L. Davey, Sydney 1995, s. 317-326.
G.G. Stroumsa, „Religious Contacts in Byzantine Palestine”, Numen, 1989, t. 36, s. 16-42.
R. Suski, Jowisz, Jahwe i Jezus. Religie w Historia Augusta, Warszawa 2014.
E. Wipszycka, Państwo rzymskie a chrześcijanie do początków IV wieku [w”] Starożytny Rzym we współczesnych badaniach, red. J. Wolski, T. Kotula, A. Kunisz, Kraków 1994, s.
E. Wipszycka, Kościół w świecie późnego antyku, Warszawa 2006.