Abstract
Since 2018 the Author is preparing the database of the iconographic scenes and motifs met on the Egyptian coffins of the 21st-22nd Dynasties (XI - X century BC). These coffins belonging to the priests of Amon are characterized by a large number of figural motifs and numerous variants of these. All the elements of the decoration indicate a divine status of the deceased. The Author’s intention is to describe the causes of the enormous iconographic diversity and to indicate the role of the individual creativity of the artists producing the coffins, sometimes their ignorance, as well.
References
Cooney, Kathlyn, 2014. „Ancient Egyptian funerary arts as social documents: Social place, reuse, and working towards a new typology of 21st Dynasty coffins”. W: Rogério Sousa (red.) Body, Cosmos & Eternity: New research trends in the symbolism of coffins in ancient Egypt, Oxford: Archaeopress, 45-66.
Cooney, Kathlyn, 2017. “Coffin reuse: Ritual materialism in the context of scarcity”. W: Alessia Amenta and Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 101-112.
Cooney, Kathlyn, 2018. “Coffin reuse in the 21st Dynasty: A case study of the coffins in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden”. W: Lara Weiss (red.) The Coffins of the Priests of Amun: Egyptian coffins from the 21st Dynasty in the collection of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Leiden: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, 69-95.
Egner, Roswitha, Haslauer, Elfriede, 1994. Särge der Dritten Zwischenzeit (I). Corpus Antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum, Lose-Blatt-Katalog Ägyptischer Altertümer, Ägyptisch-orientalische Sammlung Wien, Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Egner, Roswitha, Haslauer, Elfriede, 2009. Särge der Dritten Zwischenzeit (II). Corpus Antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum, Lose-Blatt-Katalog Ägyptischer Altertümer, Ägyptisch-orientalische Sammlung Wien, Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Gasse, Annie, 1996. Les sarcophages de la Troisième Période Intermédiaire du Museo Gregoriano Egizio. Vatican : Edizioni Musei Vaticani.
Küffer, Alexandra, 2017. »The coffins from the cache-tomb of Bab el-Gusus in Switzerland ». W: Alessia Amenta i Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 249-254.
Liptay, Éva, 2011. Coffins and coffin fragments of the Third Intermediate Period. Catalogues of the Egyptian Collection., Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts.
Autor 1988. 21st Dynasty coffins from Thebes: Chronological and typological studies., Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Autor 1989A. “Mummy in the coffin as the central element of iconographic reflection on the theology of the 21st Dynasty in Thebes”, Göttinger Miszellen 109, 53-66.
Autor 1989B. “The Solar-Osirian Unity as Principle of the “State of Amun” in Thebes in the 21st Dynasty”, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux” 30, 89-106.
Autor, 1990. “The 21st Dynasty religious iconography project: a task for the Egyptology in the Nineties. Exemplified by the Scene with Three Deities Standing on a Serpent”, W: Schoske, Sylvia (red.), Akten des Vierten Internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses München 1985, Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 305-314.
Autor, 1996., La Seconde Trouvaille de Deir el-Bahari (Sarcophages). Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire (CG 6029-6068), Cairo : Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt.
Autor, 1999., The Second Find of Deir el-Bahari (Coffins). Catalogue General of Egyptian Antiquities of the Cairo Museum (CG 6069-6082), Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt.
Autor, 2000. “Iconography of the 21st Dynasty: its main features, levels of attestation, the media and their diffusion”, W: Christoph Uehlinger (red.), Images as media. Sources for the cultural history of the Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean (1st millennium BCE), Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 175, Fribourg Switzerland: University Press, 21-43.
Autor, 2002. “Coffins of the 21st Dynasty in the Cairo Egyptian Museum: History of their acquisition and documentation, and the actual project of their complete publication”, W: Mahmud Eldamaty, May Trad (red.) Egyptian Museum Collections around the World. Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, 863-872.
Autor 2004. Sarcofagi della XXI Dinastia (Catalogo del Museo Egizio di Torino 10101-10122), Turin: Soprintendenza al Museo delle Antichità Egizie.
Autor, 2006. “The Book of the Dead on the Coffins of the 21st Dynasty” W: Burkhard Backes, Irmtraut Munro, Simone Stöhr (red.), Totenbuch-Forschungen. Gesammelte Beiträge des 2.Internationalen Totenbuch-Symposiums Bonn, 25. Bis 29. September 2005., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 245-264.
Autor, 2009. “The so-called Chapters BD 141-142 and 148 on the Coffins of the 21st Dynasty from Thebes with some remarks concerning the funerary papyri of the period”, W: Burkhard Backes, Marcus Müller-Roth, Simone Stöhr (red.), Ausgestattet mit den Schriften des Thot. Festschrift für Irmtraut Munro zu ihrem 65. Geburtstag., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 133-162.
Autor, 2011. “The Coffin as the Universe: Cosmological Scenes on the Twenty-first Dynasty coffins”, W: Joanna Popielska-Grzybowska, Jadwiga Iwaszczuk (red.), Studies on Religion: Seeking Origins and Manifestations of Religion. Acta Archaeologica Pultuskiensia 3, 107-110.
Autor, 2014A. “The Coffin of a Theban priest of the Late 10th Century BC (Early 22nd Dynasty)”, W: Baiba Uburǵe, Daiga Upeniece (red.), Ancient Egypt. The Collection of the Latvian National Museum of Art, Riga,: Latvian National Museum of Art, 99-157.
Autor, 2014B. “Did the Pat-People and the Rekhyt-People have different burial ceremonies?” W: Mariusz A. Jucha, Joanna Dębowska-Ludwin, Piotr Kołodziejczyk (red.), Aegyptus est imago caeli. Studies presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz on His 60th Birthday., Kraków: Institute of Archaeology. Jagiellonian University, 253-260.
Autor, 2017A. “The 21st Dynasty coffins of non-Theban origin. A “family” for the Vatican coffin of Anet”, W: Alessia Amenta, Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 335-348.
Autor, 2017B. “”The decoration of the coffin as a theological expression of the idea of the Universe”. W: John Taylor, Marie Vandenbeusch (red.), Ancient Egyptian Coffins. Craft traditions and functionality. Leuven: Peeters, 89-104.
Autor, 2017C. “Le passage sacré de Deir el-Bahari. Quelques remarques sur une scène bien connue des cercueils de la XXIe dynastie ». W : Supplément No 6 au Égypte Afrique & Orient 88, 1-32.
Autor, 2019A. « De post-Ramessidische gele kisten. De ontwikkeling van het iconografisch repertoire en de collectie in Nederland ». W : Jan Koek (red.), Mehen. Essays over het oude Egypte 2018/19, Bunnik: Drukwerkconsultancy, 150-183.
Autor, 2019B. “Coffins of the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Dynasties: the sacred landscape of Western Thebes.” W: Helen Strudwick, Julie Dawson (red.), Ancient Egyptian Coffins. Past. Present. Future., Oxford: Oxbow Books, 58-65.
Autor, 2020A. “The newly documented treasure of the 21st Dynasty coffins and fragments of these in the basement of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo”. W: Rogerio Sousa, Alessia Amenta, Kathlyn Cooney (red.), Bab el-Gasus in context. Rediscovering the tomb of the priests of Amun., Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 355-371.
Autor, 2920B. “Les plus beaux cercueils du monde. Le projet iconographique de l’Université de Varsovie : les cercueils de la XXIe dynastie., Bulletin de la Société française d’égyptologie 203, 79-98.
Autor, 2022. « Women in and on the Egyptian 21st Dynasty coffins », Journal of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology 5, 93-106.
Autor, Patricia Rigault, [w druku],Catalogue des cercueils à fond jaune de la 21e dynastie au début 22e, Paris : Musée du Louvre.
Sousa, Rogério, 2017. Burial assemblages from Bab el-Gasus in the Geographical Society of Lisbon., Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.
Sousa, Rogério, 2018. Gleaming coffins: Iconography and symbolism in Theban coffin decoration (21st Dynasty)., Coimbra: Coimbra University Press.
Sousa, Rogério, 2020. “Yellow coffins: definition and typology”. W: Sousa, Rogério (red.), ‘Yellow’ coffins from Thebes: recording and decoding complexity in Egyptian funerary arts (21st-22nd Dynasties)., Oxford:BAR Publishing.
Sousa, Rogério, Haslund Hansen, Anne, 2023. The Tomb of the Priests of Amun. Burial Assemblages at the National Museum of Denmark. Leiden: Brill.
Walsem, René van, 1997. The coffin of Djedmonthuiufankh in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden. Technical and Iconographic/Iconological aspects. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut Boor het Nabije Oosten.
Zarli, Mariana, Sousa, Rogério, 2018. “Coffin sets” W: Sousa, Rogério (red.), The Tomb of the Priests of Amun: Burial Assemblages in the Egyptian Museum of Florence, Leiden: Brill.
Cooney, Kathlyn, 2017. “Coffin reuse: Ritual materialism in the context of scarcity”. W: Alessia Amenta and Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 101-112.
Cooney, Kathlyn, 2018. “Coffin reuse in the 21st Dynasty: A case study of the coffins in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden”. W: Lara Weiss (red.) The Coffins of the Priests of Amun: Egyptian coffins from the 21st Dynasty in the collection of the National Museum of Antiquities in Leiden, Leiden: Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, 69-95.
Egner, Roswitha, Haslauer, Elfriede, 1994. Särge der Dritten Zwischenzeit (I). Corpus Antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum, Lose-Blatt-Katalog Ägyptischer Altertümer, Ägyptisch-orientalische Sammlung Wien, Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Egner, Roswitha, Haslauer, Elfriede, 2009. Särge der Dritten Zwischenzeit (II). Corpus Antiquitatum Aegyptiacarum, Lose-Blatt-Katalog Ägyptischer Altertümer, Ägyptisch-orientalische Sammlung Wien, Mainz am Rhein, Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Gasse, Annie, 1996. Les sarcophages de la Troisième Période Intermédiaire du Museo Gregoriano Egizio. Vatican : Edizioni Musei Vaticani.
Küffer, Alexandra, 2017. »The coffins from the cache-tomb of Bab el-Gusus in Switzerland ». W: Alessia Amenta i Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 249-254.
Liptay, Éva, 2011. Coffins and coffin fragments of the Third Intermediate Period. Catalogues of the Egyptian Collection., Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts.
Autor 1988. 21st Dynasty coffins from Thebes: Chronological and typological studies., Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.
Autor 1989A. “Mummy in the coffin as the central element of iconographic reflection on the theology of the 21st Dynasty in Thebes”, Göttinger Miszellen 109, 53-66.
Autor 1989B. “The Solar-Osirian Unity as Principle of the “State of Amun” in Thebes in the 21st Dynasty”, Jaarbericht van het Vooraziatisch-Egyptisch Genootschap “Ex Oriente Lux” 30, 89-106.
Autor, 1990. “The 21st Dynasty religious iconography project: a task for the Egyptology in the Nineties. Exemplified by the Scene with Three Deities Standing on a Serpent”, W: Schoske, Sylvia (red.), Akten des Vierten Internationalen Ägyptologen Kongresses München 1985, Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag, 305-314.
Autor, 1996., La Seconde Trouvaille de Deir el-Bahari (Sarcophages). Catalogue Général des Antiquités Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire (CG 6029-6068), Cairo : Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt.
Autor, 1999., The Second Find of Deir el-Bahari (Coffins). Catalogue General of Egyptian Antiquities of the Cairo Museum (CG 6069-6082), Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt.
Autor, 2000. “Iconography of the 21st Dynasty: its main features, levels of attestation, the media and their diffusion”, W: Christoph Uehlinger (red.), Images as media. Sources for the cultural history of the Near East and the Eastern Mediterranean (1st millennium BCE), Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 175, Fribourg Switzerland: University Press, 21-43.
Autor, 2002. “Coffins of the 21st Dynasty in the Cairo Egyptian Museum: History of their acquisition and documentation, and the actual project of their complete publication”, W: Mahmud Eldamaty, May Trad (red.) Egyptian Museum Collections around the World. Studies for the Centennial of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities of Egypt, 863-872.
Autor 2004. Sarcofagi della XXI Dinastia (Catalogo del Museo Egizio di Torino 10101-10122), Turin: Soprintendenza al Museo delle Antichità Egizie.
Autor, 2006. “The Book of the Dead on the Coffins of the 21st Dynasty” W: Burkhard Backes, Irmtraut Munro, Simone Stöhr (red.), Totenbuch-Forschungen. Gesammelte Beiträge des 2.Internationalen Totenbuch-Symposiums Bonn, 25. Bis 29. September 2005., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 245-264.
Autor, 2009. “The so-called Chapters BD 141-142 and 148 on the Coffins of the 21st Dynasty from Thebes with some remarks concerning the funerary papyri of the period”, W: Burkhard Backes, Marcus Müller-Roth, Simone Stöhr (red.), Ausgestattet mit den Schriften des Thot. Festschrift für Irmtraut Munro zu ihrem 65. Geburtstag., Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 133-162.
Autor, 2011. “The Coffin as the Universe: Cosmological Scenes on the Twenty-first Dynasty coffins”, W: Joanna Popielska-Grzybowska, Jadwiga Iwaszczuk (red.), Studies on Religion: Seeking Origins and Manifestations of Religion. Acta Archaeologica Pultuskiensia 3, 107-110.
Autor, 2014A. “The Coffin of a Theban priest of the Late 10th Century BC (Early 22nd Dynasty)”, W: Baiba Uburǵe, Daiga Upeniece (red.), Ancient Egypt. The Collection of the Latvian National Museum of Art, Riga,: Latvian National Museum of Art, 99-157.
Autor, 2014B. “Did the Pat-People and the Rekhyt-People have different burial ceremonies?” W: Mariusz A. Jucha, Joanna Dębowska-Ludwin, Piotr Kołodziejczyk (red.), Aegyptus est imago caeli. Studies presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz on His 60th Birthday., Kraków: Institute of Archaeology. Jagiellonian University, 253-260.
Autor, 2017A. “The 21st Dynasty coffins of non-Theban origin. A “family” for the Vatican coffin of Anet”, W: Alessia Amenta, Hélène Guichard (red.) Proceedings of the First Vatican Coffin Conference, 19-22 June 2013, Vatican: Edizioni Musei Vaticani, 335-348.
Autor, 2017B. “”The decoration of the coffin as a theological expression of the idea of the Universe”. W: John Taylor, Marie Vandenbeusch (red.), Ancient Egyptian Coffins. Craft traditions and functionality. Leuven: Peeters, 89-104.
Autor, 2017C. “Le passage sacré de Deir el-Bahari. Quelques remarques sur une scène bien connue des cercueils de la XXIe dynastie ». W : Supplément No 6 au Égypte Afrique & Orient 88, 1-32.
Autor, 2019A. « De post-Ramessidische gele kisten. De ontwikkeling van het iconografisch repertoire en de collectie in Nederland ». W : Jan Koek (red.), Mehen. Essays over het oude Egypte 2018/19, Bunnik: Drukwerkconsultancy, 150-183.
Autor, 2019B. “Coffins of the Twenty-first and Twenty-second Dynasties: the sacred landscape of Western Thebes.” W: Helen Strudwick, Julie Dawson (red.), Ancient Egyptian Coffins. Past. Present. Future., Oxford: Oxbow Books, 58-65.
Autor, 2020A. “The newly documented treasure of the 21st Dynasty coffins and fragments of these in the basement of the Egyptian Museum, Cairo”. W: Rogerio Sousa, Alessia Amenta, Kathlyn Cooney (red.), Bab el-Gasus in context. Rediscovering the tomb of the priests of Amun., Roma: L’Erma di Bretschneider, 355-371.
Autor, 2920B. “Les plus beaux cercueils du monde. Le projet iconographique de l’Université de Varsovie : les cercueils de la XXIe dynastie., Bulletin de la Société française d’égyptologie 203, 79-98.
Autor, 2022. « Women in and on the Egyptian 21st Dynasty coffins », Journal of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology 5, 93-106.
Autor, Patricia Rigault, [w druku],Catalogue des cercueils à fond jaune de la 21e dynastie au début 22e, Paris : Musée du Louvre.
Sousa, Rogério, 2017. Burial assemblages from Bab el-Gasus in the Geographical Society of Lisbon., Turnhout: Brepols Publishers.
Sousa, Rogério, 2018. Gleaming coffins: Iconography and symbolism in Theban coffin decoration (21st Dynasty)., Coimbra: Coimbra University Press.
Sousa, Rogério, 2020. “Yellow coffins: definition and typology”. W: Sousa, Rogério (red.), ‘Yellow’ coffins from Thebes: recording and decoding complexity in Egyptian funerary arts (21st-22nd Dynasties)., Oxford:BAR Publishing.
Sousa, Rogério, Haslund Hansen, Anne, 2023. The Tomb of the Priests of Amun. Burial Assemblages at the National Museum of Denmark. Leiden: Brill.
Walsem, René van, 1997. The coffin of Djedmonthuiufankh in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden. Technical and Iconographic/Iconological aspects. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut Boor het Nabije Oosten.
Zarli, Mariana, Sousa, Rogério, 2018. “Coffin sets” W: Sousa, Rogério (red.), The Tomb of the Priests of Amun: Burial Assemblages in the Egyptian Museum of Florence, Leiden: Brill.