Keywords
The First Crusade
Fulcher of Chartres
Raymond of Aguilers
Peter Tudebode
Gesta Francorum
Representation of the „other”
Fulcher of Chartres
Raymond of Aguilers
Peter Tudebode
Gesta Francorum
Representation of the „other”
How to Cite
Pełech, Tomasz. 2020. “Ammiralius, Mirdalim, Amirdalis – the Creation of Muslim Commanders During the Struggle of Antioch in the First Crusades’ Sources (until about the Mid-Twelfth Century)”. In Gremium. Studies in History, Culture and Politics, no. 14 (December), 69-94. https://doi.org/10.34768/ig.vi14.283.
Abstract
The article considers three main issues. Firstly, it concerns the representation of secondary Muslim commanders in the accounts created by the participants of the expedition to Jerusalem (Gesta Francorum, Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, Historia Francorum and Historia Hierosolymitana), in the descriptions of the military struggles under the city of Antioch between the Crusaders and atabeg of Mosul, Kurbugha. Secondly, it deals with the issue of the transmission of content in the sources of the next generations of the First Crusade's historians (until around the mid-twelfth century). Thirdly, it is an attempt to identify people known from Latin and Arabic sources with real historical figures.
References
Albert of Aachen's History of the Journey to Jerusalem. Vol. 1: Books 1–6. The First Crusade, 1095–1099, tłum. S.B. Edgington, Farnham-Burlington 2013.
Albert z Akwizgranu, Historia Hierosolymitana, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 4, Paris 1879, s. 265–713.
Armenia and the Crusades. The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa, tłum. A.E. Dostourian, London 1993.
Asbridge T., The First Crusade. A New History, London 2005.
Baldryk z Dol, The Historia Hierosolymitana of Baldric of Bourgueil, wyd. S.J. Biddlecombe, Woodbridge 2014.
Bull M., The eyewitness accounts of the First Crusade as political scripts, „Reading Medieval Studies” 36, 2010, s. 23–37.
Bull M., The Relationship Between the Gesta Francorum and Peter Tudebode's Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere: The Evidence of a Hitherto Unexamined Manuscript (St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, 3), „Crusades” 11, 2012, s. 1–17.
Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae, w: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Fontes iuris 4, wyd. C. von Schwerin, Hanover 1918, s. 37–44.
Cole P.J., The Preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land: 1095–1270, Cambridge Mass. 1991.
Cook R.F., Chanson d’Antioche, chanson de geste: le cycle de la croisade est-il épique? Amsterdam 1980.
Daniel N., Heroes and Saracens. An Interpretation of the Chansons de Geste, Edinburgh 1984.
di Carpegna Falconieri T., Popes through the Looking Glass, or «Ceci n’est pas un pape», „Reti Medievali Rivista” 13, 2012, 1, s. 121–136.
Eddé A.-M., Kamāl al-Dīn ʿUmar Ibn al-ʿAdīm, w: Medieval Muslim Historians and the Franks in the Levant: Studies and Texts, red. A. Mallet, Leiden-Boston 2015, s. 109–135.
Edgington S.B., Albert of Aachen and the Chansons de Geste, w: The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton, red. J. France. W.G. Zajac, Aldershot 1998, s. 23–38.
Epp V., Fulcher von Chartres: Studien zur Geschichtsschreibung des ersten Kreuzzuges, Düsseldorf 1990.
Flori J., Chroniqueurs et propagandistes. Introduction critique aux sources de la Première croisade, Genève 2010.
Flori J., De l'Anonyme normand à Tudebode et aux Gesta Francorum. L'impact de la propagande de Bohémond sur la critique textuelle des sources de la première croisade, „Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique” 102, 2007, s. 717–746.
France J., The Anonymous Gesta Francorum and the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers and the Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere of Peter Tudebode: An Analysis of the Textual Relationship between Primary Sources for the First Crusade, w: The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton, red. J. France. W.G. Zajac, Aldershot 1998, s. 39–70.
France J., The Use of the Anonymous Gesta Francorum in the Early Twelfth-Century Sources for the First Crusade, w: From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies, 1095–1500, red. A.V. Murray, Turnhout 1998, s. 29–42.
Fulcher z Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana (1095–1127), wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Heidelberg 1913.
Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Heidelberg 1890.
Gicquel Y., Le Combat des Trente, Épopée au cœur de la mémoire bretonne, Spézet 2004.
Glaesener H., La prise d’Antioche en 1098 dans la litterature epique francais, „Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire” 19, 1940, s. 66–85.
Guibert z Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 4, Paris 1879, s. 113–263.
Guibert z Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos, wyd. R.B.C. Huygens, Turnhout 1996.
Harari Y.N., Eyewitnessing in Accounts of the First Crusade: The Gesta Francorum and Other Contemporary Narratives, „Crusades” 3, 2004, s. 77–99.
Ibn al-ʿAdīm, Bughyat al-ṭalab fī taʾrīkh Ḥalab, red. S. Zakkār, 11 tomów, Damascus 1988.
Idzi (Gilles) z Tuskulum, The Historia Vie Hierosolymitane of Gilo of Paris, and a Second Anonymous Author, wyd. i tłum. C.W. Grocock, J.E. Siberry, Oxford 1997.
Iorga N., Les narrateurs de la première croisade, Paris 1928.
John S., Historical Truth and the Miraculous Past: The Use of Oral Evidence in Twelfth-Century Latin Historical Writing on the First Crusade, „English Historical Review” 130, 2015, s. 263–301.
Jonin P., La partie d’échecs dans l’épopée médièvale, w: Mélanges de langue et de littérature du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance offerts à Jean Frappier, t. 1, Genève 1970, s. 483–497.
Kamāl al-Din, Extraits de la chronique d'Alep, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens orientaux, t. 3, Paris 1884.
Kleber H., Wer ist der Verfasser der Chanson d’Antioche? Revision einer Streitfrage, „Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur” 94, 1984, s. 115–142.
Klein C., Raimund von Aguilers: Quellenstudie zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges, Berlin 1892.
Knoch P., Studien zu Albert von Aachen. Der erste Kreuzzug in der deutschen Chronistik, Stuttgart 1966.
L'Abbé Filet, Un chevalier du Vivrais à la Première Croisade: Ponce de Balazuc, Privas Imprimerie Centrale de l'Ardèche 1895.
Lapina E., Nec signis nec testibus creditor. The Problem of Eyewitnesses in the Chronicles of the First Crusade, „Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies” 38, 2007, s. 117–139.
Laudage Ch., Kampf um den Stuhl Petri. Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste, Freiburg im Breisgau 2012.
Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l’appel à la croisade, red. A. Vauchez, Rome 1997.
Les epopees de la croisade, red. K.-H. Bender, H. Kleber, Stuttgart 1987.
Loutchiskaya S., Barbarae nationes: les peuples muslumans dans les chroniques de la Première Croisade, w: Autour de la Première Croisade, Actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995), red. M. Balard, Paris 1996, s. 99–107.
Loutchitskaya S., L’idée de conversion dans les chroniques de la première croisade, „Cahiers de civilisation médiévale” 177, 2002, s. 39–53.
Loyalty in the Middle Ages: Ideal and Practice of a Cross-Social Value, red. J. Sonntag, C. Zermatten, Turnhout 2015.
Maleczyński K., Studia nad dokumentem polskim, Wrocław 1971.
Morris C., The Gesta Francorum as Narrative History, „Reading Medieval Studies” 19, 1993, s. 55–71.
Morton N., Encountering Islam on the First Crusade, Cambridge 2016.
Munro D.C., The Speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont 1095, „The American Historical Review” 11, 1906, s. 231–242.
Naus J., The „Historia Iherosolimitana” of Robert the Monk and the Coronation of Louis VI, w: Writing the Early Crusades: Text, Transmission and Memory, red. M. Bull, D. Kempf, Woodbridge 2014, s. 105–115.
Oehler H., Studien zu den Gesta Francorum, „Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch” 6, 1970, s. 58–97.
Orderyk Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History, t 5, wyd. i tłum. M. Chibnall, Oxford 1975.
Piotr Tudebod, Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, wyd. J. H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris 1977.
Radulf z Caen, Gesta Tancredi, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 3, Paris 1866, s. 587–716.
Rajmund z Aguilers, Le „Liber” de Raymond d'Aguilers, wyd. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris 1969.
Raymond of Aguilers, Historia Francorum Qui Ceperunt Iherusalem, tłum. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Philadelphia 1968.
Ricoeur P., Język, tekst, interpretacja. Wybór pism, tłum. P. Graff, K. Rosner, Warszawa 1989.
Riley-Smith J., The First Crusaders, 1095-1131, London 1997.
Robert Mnich, Historia Iherosolimitana, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 3, Paris 1866, s. 717–882.
Rubenstein J., Armies of Heaven. The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse, New York 2011.
Rubenstein J., Guibert of Nogent, Albert of Aachen and Fulcher of Chartres: Three Crusade Chronicles Intersect, w: Writing the Early Crusades: Text, Transmission and Memory, red. M. Bull, D. Kempf, Woodbridge 2014, s. 24–37.
Rubenstein J., Putting History to Use: Three Crusade Chronicles in Context, „Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies” 35, 2004, s. 131–168.
Rubenstein J., What is the Gesta Francorum, and who was Peter Tudebode?, „Revue Mabillon” 16, 2005, s. 179–204.
Runciman S., Dzieje wypraw krzyżowych. Pierwsza krucjata i założenie Królestwa Jerozolimskiego, tom 1, tłum. J. Schwakopf, Katowice 2009.
Runciman S., The First Crusade: Antioch to Ascalon, w: A History of the Crusades, red. K.M. Setton, Madison-Milawaukee-London 1969, s. 308–343.
Russo L., Ricerche sull’ „Historia Iherosolimitana” di Roberto di Reims, „Studi Medievali” 48, 2002, s. 651–691.
Skwierczyński K., Recepcja idei gregoriańskich w Polsce do początku XIII wieku, Wrocław 2005.
Sprenger K.M., The Tiara in the Tiber. An Essay on the damnatio in memoria of Clement III (1084–1100) and Rome’s River as a Place of Oblivion and Memory, „Reti Medievali Rivista” 13, 2012, 1, s. 153–174.
Strack G., The Sermon of Urban II in Clermont and the Tradition of Papal Oratory, „Medieval Sermon Studies” 56, 2012, s. 30–45.
The Canso d'Antioca. An Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Crusade, wyd. i tłum. C. Sweetenham, L.M. Paterson, Aldershot-Burlington 2003.
The Chanson d’Antioche An Old French Account of the First Crusade, tłum. S.B. Edgington, C. Sweetenham, London-New York 2011.
The councils of Urban II, t. 1, Decreta Claromontensia, wyd. R. Somerville, Amsterdam 1972.
The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of Ibn al.-Qalanisi, tłum. H.A.R. Gibb, London 1932.
The Deeds of the Franks and Other Jerusalem-Bound Pilgrims. The Earliest Chronicle of the First Crusade, tłum. N. Dass, Lanham-Boulder-New York-Toronto-Plymouth 2011.
Tolan J.V., Sons of Ishmael. Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages, Gainesville 2008.
Trotter D.A., Medieval French Literature and the Crusades (1100– 1300), Genève 1988.
Wilhelm z Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum. The History of the English Kings, t. 1, wyd. i tłum. R.A.B. Mynors, R.M. Thomson, W. Winterbottom, Oxford 1998.
Witzel H.-J., Le problème de l'auteur des Gesta Francorum, „Moyen-Age” 61, 1955, s. 319–328.
Wolf K.B., Crusade and Narrative: Bohemond and the Gesta Francorum, „Journal of Medieval History” 17, 1991, s. 207–216.
XV. Epistula II Anselmi de Ribodimonte ad Manassem archiepiscopum Remorum, w: Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088–1100. Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzuges, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Innsbruck 1901, s. 156–160.
XVI. Epistula Boemundi, Raimundi comitis S. Aegidii, Godefridi ducis Lotharingiae, Roberti comitis Normanniae, Roberti comitis Flandrensis, Eustachii comitis Boloniae ad Urbanum II papam, w: Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088–1100. Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzuges, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Innsbruck 1901, s. 161–165.
Ziese J., Wibert von Ravenna. Der Gegenpapst Clemens III (1084–1100), Stuttgart 1982.
Albert z Akwizgranu, Historia Hierosolymitana, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 4, Paris 1879, s. 265–713.
Armenia and the Crusades. The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa, tłum. A.E. Dostourian, London 1993.
Asbridge T., The First Crusade. A New History, London 2005.
Baldryk z Dol, The Historia Hierosolymitana of Baldric of Bourgueil, wyd. S.J. Biddlecombe, Woodbridge 2014.
Bull M., The eyewitness accounts of the First Crusade as political scripts, „Reading Medieval Studies” 36, 2010, s. 23–37.
Bull M., The Relationship Between the Gesta Francorum and Peter Tudebode's Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere: The Evidence of a Hitherto Unexamined Manuscript (St. Catharine’s College, Cambridge, 3), „Crusades” 11, 2012, s. 1–17.
Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae, w: Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Fontes iuris 4, wyd. C. von Schwerin, Hanover 1918, s. 37–44.
Cole P.J., The Preaching of the Crusades to the Holy Land: 1095–1270, Cambridge Mass. 1991.
Cook R.F., Chanson d’Antioche, chanson de geste: le cycle de la croisade est-il épique? Amsterdam 1980.
Daniel N., Heroes and Saracens. An Interpretation of the Chansons de Geste, Edinburgh 1984.
di Carpegna Falconieri T., Popes through the Looking Glass, or «Ceci n’est pas un pape», „Reti Medievali Rivista” 13, 2012, 1, s. 121–136.
Eddé A.-M., Kamāl al-Dīn ʿUmar Ibn al-ʿAdīm, w: Medieval Muslim Historians and the Franks in the Levant: Studies and Texts, red. A. Mallet, Leiden-Boston 2015, s. 109–135.
Edgington S.B., Albert of Aachen and the Chansons de Geste, w: The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton, red. J. France. W.G. Zajac, Aldershot 1998, s. 23–38.
Epp V., Fulcher von Chartres: Studien zur Geschichtsschreibung des ersten Kreuzzuges, Düsseldorf 1990.
Flori J., Chroniqueurs et propagandistes. Introduction critique aux sources de la Première croisade, Genève 2010.
Flori J., De l'Anonyme normand à Tudebode et aux Gesta Francorum. L'impact de la propagande de Bohémond sur la critique textuelle des sources de la première croisade, „Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique” 102, 2007, s. 717–746.
France J., The Anonymous Gesta Francorum and the Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem of Raymond of Aguilers and the Historia de Hierosolymitano itinere of Peter Tudebode: An Analysis of the Textual Relationship between Primary Sources for the First Crusade, w: The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton, red. J. France. W.G. Zajac, Aldershot 1998, s. 39–70.
France J., The Use of the Anonymous Gesta Francorum in the Early Twelfth-Century Sources for the First Crusade, w: From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies, 1095–1500, red. A.V. Murray, Turnhout 1998, s. 29–42.
Fulcher z Chartres, Historia Hierosolymitana (1095–1127), wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Heidelberg 1913.
Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Heidelberg 1890.
Gicquel Y., Le Combat des Trente, Épopée au cœur de la mémoire bretonne, Spézet 2004.
Glaesener H., La prise d’Antioche en 1098 dans la litterature epique francais, „Revue belge de philologie et d’histoire” 19, 1940, s. 66–85.
Guibert z Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 4, Paris 1879, s. 113–263.
Guibert z Nogent, Gesta Dei per Francos, wyd. R.B.C. Huygens, Turnhout 1996.
Harari Y.N., Eyewitnessing in Accounts of the First Crusade: The Gesta Francorum and Other Contemporary Narratives, „Crusades” 3, 2004, s. 77–99.
Ibn al-ʿAdīm, Bughyat al-ṭalab fī taʾrīkh Ḥalab, red. S. Zakkār, 11 tomów, Damascus 1988.
Idzi (Gilles) z Tuskulum, The Historia Vie Hierosolymitane of Gilo of Paris, and a Second Anonymous Author, wyd. i tłum. C.W. Grocock, J.E. Siberry, Oxford 1997.
Iorga N., Les narrateurs de la première croisade, Paris 1928.
John S., Historical Truth and the Miraculous Past: The Use of Oral Evidence in Twelfth-Century Latin Historical Writing on the First Crusade, „English Historical Review” 130, 2015, s. 263–301.
Jonin P., La partie d’échecs dans l’épopée médièvale, w: Mélanges de langue et de littérature du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance offerts à Jean Frappier, t. 1, Genève 1970, s. 483–497.
Kamāl al-Din, Extraits de la chronique d'Alep, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens orientaux, t. 3, Paris 1884.
Kleber H., Wer ist der Verfasser der Chanson d’Antioche? Revision einer Streitfrage, „Zeitschrift für französische Sprache und Literatur” 94, 1984, s. 115–142.
Klein C., Raimund von Aguilers: Quellenstudie zur Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges, Berlin 1892.
Knoch P., Studien zu Albert von Aachen. Der erste Kreuzzug in der deutschen Chronistik, Stuttgart 1966.
L'Abbé Filet, Un chevalier du Vivrais à la Première Croisade: Ponce de Balazuc, Privas Imprimerie Centrale de l'Ardèche 1895.
Lapina E., Nec signis nec testibus creditor. The Problem of Eyewitnesses in the Chronicles of the First Crusade, „Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies” 38, 2007, s. 117–139.
Laudage Ch., Kampf um den Stuhl Petri. Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste, Freiburg im Breisgau 2012.
Le Concile de Clermont de 1095 et l’appel à la croisade, red. A. Vauchez, Rome 1997.
Les epopees de la croisade, red. K.-H. Bender, H. Kleber, Stuttgart 1987.
Loutchiskaya S., Barbarae nationes: les peuples muslumans dans les chroniques de la Première Croisade, w: Autour de la Première Croisade, Actes du Colloque de la Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East (Clermont-Ferrand, 22-25 juin 1995), red. M. Balard, Paris 1996, s. 99–107.
Loutchitskaya S., L’idée de conversion dans les chroniques de la première croisade, „Cahiers de civilisation médiévale” 177, 2002, s. 39–53.
Loyalty in the Middle Ages: Ideal and Practice of a Cross-Social Value, red. J. Sonntag, C. Zermatten, Turnhout 2015.
Maleczyński K., Studia nad dokumentem polskim, Wrocław 1971.
Morris C., The Gesta Francorum as Narrative History, „Reading Medieval Studies” 19, 1993, s. 55–71.
Morton N., Encountering Islam on the First Crusade, Cambridge 2016.
Munro D.C., The Speech of Pope Urban II at Clermont 1095, „The American Historical Review” 11, 1906, s. 231–242.
Naus J., The „Historia Iherosolimitana” of Robert the Monk and the Coronation of Louis VI, w: Writing the Early Crusades: Text, Transmission and Memory, red. M. Bull, D. Kempf, Woodbridge 2014, s. 105–115.
Oehler H., Studien zu den Gesta Francorum, „Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch” 6, 1970, s. 58–97.
Orderyk Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History, t 5, wyd. i tłum. M. Chibnall, Oxford 1975.
Piotr Tudebod, Historia de Hierosolymitano Itinere, wyd. J. H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris 1977.
Radulf z Caen, Gesta Tancredi, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 3, Paris 1866, s. 587–716.
Rajmund z Aguilers, Le „Liber” de Raymond d'Aguilers, wyd. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris 1969.
Raymond of Aguilers, Historia Francorum Qui Ceperunt Iherusalem, tłum. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Philadelphia 1968.
Ricoeur P., Język, tekst, interpretacja. Wybór pism, tłum. P. Graff, K. Rosner, Warszawa 1989.
Riley-Smith J., The First Crusaders, 1095-1131, London 1997.
Robert Mnich, Historia Iherosolimitana, w: Recueil des historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux t. 3, Paris 1866, s. 717–882.
Rubenstein J., Armies of Heaven. The First Crusade and the Quest for Apocalypse, New York 2011.
Rubenstein J., Guibert of Nogent, Albert of Aachen and Fulcher of Chartres: Three Crusade Chronicles Intersect, w: Writing the Early Crusades: Text, Transmission and Memory, red. M. Bull, D. Kempf, Woodbridge 2014, s. 24–37.
Rubenstein J., Putting History to Use: Three Crusade Chronicles in Context, „Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies” 35, 2004, s. 131–168.
Rubenstein J., What is the Gesta Francorum, and who was Peter Tudebode?, „Revue Mabillon” 16, 2005, s. 179–204.
Runciman S., Dzieje wypraw krzyżowych. Pierwsza krucjata i założenie Królestwa Jerozolimskiego, tom 1, tłum. J. Schwakopf, Katowice 2009.
Runciman S., The First Crusade: Antioch to Ascalon, w: A History of the Crusades, red. K.M. Setton, Madison-Milawaukee-London 1969, s. 308–343.
Russo L., Ricerche sull’ „Historia Iherosolimitana” di Roberto di Reims, „Studi Medievali” 48, 2002, s. 651–691.
Skwierczyński K., Recepcja idei gregoriańskich w Polsce do początku XIII wieku, Wrocław 2005.
Sprenger K.M., The Tiara in the Tiber. An Essay on the damnatio in memoria of Clement III (1084–1100) and Rome’s River as a Place of Oblivion and Memory, „Reti Medievali Rivista” 13, 2012, 1, s. 153–174.
Strack G., The Sermon of Urban II in Clermont and the Tradition of Papal Oratory, „Medieval Sermon Studies” 56, 2012, s. 30–45.
The Canso d'Antioca. An Occitan Epic Chronicle of the First Crusade, wyd. i tłum. C. Sweetenham, L.M. Paterson, Aldershot-Burlington 2003.
The Chanson d’Antioche An Old French Account of the First Crusade, tłum. S.B. Edgington, C. Sweetenham, London-New York 2011.
The councils of Urban II, t. 1, Decreta Claromontensia, wyd. R. Somerville, Amsterdam 1972.
The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades. Extracted and translated from the Chronicle of Ibn al.-Qalanisi, tłum. H.A.R. Gibb, London 1932.
The Deeds of the Franks and Other Jerusalem-Bound Pilgrims. The Earliest Chronicle of the First Crusade, tłum. N. Dass, Lanham-Boulder-New York-Toronto-Plymouth 2011.
Tolan J.V., Sons of Ishmael. Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages, Gainesville 2008.
Trotter D.A., Medieval French Literature and the Crusades (1100– 1300), Genève 1988.
Wilhelm z Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum. The History of the English Kings, t. 1, wyd. i tłum. R.A.B. Mynors, R.M. Thomson, W. Winterbottom, Oxford 1998.
Witzel H.-J., Le problème de l'auteur des Gesta Francorum, „Moyen-Age” 61, 1955, s. 319–328.
Wolf K.B., Crusade and Narrative: Bohemond and the Gesta Francorum, „Journal of Medieval History” 17, 1991, s. 207–216.
XV. Epistula II Anselmi de Ribodimonte ad Manassem archiepiscopum Remorum, w: Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088–1100. Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzuges, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Innsbruck 1901, s. 156–160.
XVI. Epistula Boemundi, Raimundi comitis S. Aegidii, Godefridi ducis Lotharingiae, Roberti comitis Normanniae, Roberti comitis Flandrensis, Eustachii comitis Boloniae ad Urbanum II papam, w: Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus den Jahren 1088–1100. Eine Quellensammlung zur Geschichte des Ersten Kreuzzuges, wyd. H. Hagenmeyer, Innsbruck 1901, s. 161–165.
Ziese J., Wibert von Ravenna. Der Gegenpapst Clemens III (1084–1100), Stuttgart 1982.